World First! Quantum Advantage Photonic Quantum Computer Delivered and Integrated into Cloud Platform

Recently, the optical quantum computing system "Tianyan-P2000"—developed with core system design and full-machine engineering implementation by Jiuzhang (Jinan) Quantum Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Jiuzhang Quantum" or "the Company")—completed its delivery, achieved stable operation, and officially connected to the "Tianyan" Quantum Computing Cloud Platform. It now provides online optical quantum computing capabilities to global users.

Constructed jointly by China Telecom Quantum Group and Jiuzhang Quantum under the guidance of the Innovation Academy for Quantum Information and Quantum Technology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), the system represents a critical breakthrough in scale-up control and cloud-based service capabilities for domestic optical quantum computers. This marks the transition of China's optical quantum computing systems from laboratory validation to a sustainable online service phase. The system is the world's first delivered photonic quantum computer to reach the "quantum advantage" milestone.

Homologous Technical Framework & System Architecture

"Tianyan-P2000" is engineered and optimized based on the core technical framework shared with "Jiuzhang 4.0," having undergone multiple rounds of verification in photon control precision, system stability, and long-term operational performance.

The full-machine system comprises three core modules:

• Squeezed Light Source System: Configured with multiple parametric oscillator light sources, it stably outputs single-mode squeezed state photons with a generation efficiency of 90%. It provides uniform, stable photon inputs for quantum computing experiments, safeguarding overall precision and stability at the source while minimizing experimental deviations caused by photon loss.

• Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Encoding Optical System: Composed of a spatial interference structure working synergistically with time-delay modules, it guides photons through complex optical networks in an orderly manner via precision optical control to stably build quantum entangled states. It features excellent connectivity, scalability, and programmability.

• Superconducting Single-Photon Detection System: Utilizing a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array, it effectively captures weak photon signals, efficiently completes quantum state information collection, and reconstructs quantum evolution processes—providing robust support for data reliability in Gaussian Boson Sampling experiments.

Together, these three modules form a complete physical chain for the optical quantum computing system.

System Scale & Core Parameters

Relying on mature architecture and engineering optimization capabilities, "Tianyan-P2000" achieves high levels of scale and stability. Key parameters include:

Across multiple rounds of experimental verification, the system demonstrated stable performance in precise photon manipulation, complex quantum state evolution, and extended continuous operation. It is well-suited for Gaussian Boson Sampling experimental scenarios, offering a reliable platform for quantum supremacy verification, algorithm development, and instructional training.

Gaussian Boson Sampling: A Crucial Path for Quantum Advantage

Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) is a key experimental scheme in optical quantum computing used to verify the boundaries of quantum computational power.

The basic process involves generating Gaussian state photons using squeezed light sources, feeding them into a linear optical interference network to naturally evolve under multi-photon interference and quantum superposition, and finally collecting the output sampling results with a single-photon detection system. The computational problem corresponding to this process is closely related to the Hafnian function, which is intractable to solve efficiently within classical computing frameworks.

Consequently, under conditions of large-scale modes and high photon counts, GBS is widely used for quantum supremacy verification and the study of complex sampling problems, representing one of the primary paradigms in optical quantum computing today.

Hardware Verification & Computational Performance

On the "Tianyan-P2000" system, the team achieved stable control and sampling measurements of quantum states involving 2,682 photons. In a representative high-complexity task:

• Optical Quantum System Completion Time: ~29 microseconds

• Classical Supercomputer Equivalent Time: ~16 billion years

• Quantum Speedup Factor: ~10²²

These results demonstrate the significant advantage of optical quantum systems in combinatorial complexity calculations under specific problem models, establishing an experimental foundation for future algorithm design and engineering applications.

Cloud Access & Application Expansion

Following delivery, "Tianyan-P2000" was officially integrated into the "Tianyan" Quantum Computing Cloud Platform, enabling stable online operation and remote access to computational power. Users can directly leverage GBS optical quantum computing capabilities through cloud interfaces to perform sampling calculations and algorithm validations.

Supported by the stable compute power of this full-machine system, related optical quantum applications have been deployed and opened on the cloud. These cover typical domains including handwritten digit recognition, graph isomorphism detection, dense subgraph search, molecular docking, and molecular vibrational spectra calculations—establishing a foundational validation pipeline from underlying hardware to application algorithms.

This achievement further confirms the feasibility and expansion potential of GBS-route optical quantum computing in engineering systems, providing a practical foundation for continued implementation across research and application scenarios.

Conclusion

The delivery and cloud integration of the "Tianyan-P2000" optical quantum computer marks a major advancement in the engineering and integration capabilities of Jiuzhang (Jinan) Quantum Technology Co., Ltd. It also provides fresh practical support for China's transition of optical quantum computing from experimental verification toward commercial engineering applications.

Try it here: https://qc.zdxlz.com/quantumAdvantage?lang=zh